There were a couple of mechanisms that were supposed to help lower costs. One, having to compete against a public option, didn't make it in to the bill. It was an important part. The other hope though is that if the price to actually insure people goes down, i.e. healthy and younger people also paying in, than market competition will cause prices to go down though natural means. This requires some regulation such as insurance companies not cooperating on setting prices, and I don't know if that has happened or not. In general such a thing is already illegal through antitrust laws, but some industries to get some rights for price setting. I know for instance, west coast fisheries. Fishermen do have some ability to negotiate for an overall price to the processors.