Well I'll just replace my refrain about NASA. What they need, everybody knows. And Congress has gradually moved to make it happen. Most of it isn't in place, but much of it is pending.
-They need a NASA Administrator who is apolitical and appointed to a 10 year fixed term. It must be akin to the FBI Director or the Federal Reserve Director. It can't be, like Carlie Bolden turned out to be "The President's Man At NASA", meaning the effective agency head from a professional standpoint is the deputy director. It needs to be an industry / leader figure who can serve between administrations to carry out Congress' space agenda, not the President's.
-The above administrator needs to rule with an iron fist. Right now, the most powerful people at NASA are the heads of the Centers (such as NASA Ames, or JPL, or JSC) who ally with their Senators and Congressmen to bring money to their states/districts/NASA centers. NASA centers need to be consolidated and Center directors brought under control of a powerful administrator.
- They need to entirely change how they do budgeting. Some programs need locked in and predictable multi-year appropriations. Congress already occasioanlly allocates NASA programs money in 2 year chunks (the duration of a Congress), but it needs to go to 5 for some programs. Predictable funding is essential and a huge problem over the last 20 years has been year-to-year funding changes disrupting program progress.
- NASA needs to not be so parochial and be willing to work with other government agencies. A little know fact, I love sharing, is that the Hubble Space Telescope is largely a KH-12 Hexagon Spy Sattelite. The US has launched about 20 KH-12s since the late 1970s, but only one Hubble. Hubble has a different optics package, but is identical in many ways. The NRO has incrementally improved the KH-12 design over the years according to experts, and the four above us right now are far more advanced than ones from twenty years ago. NASA, by contrast, as been developing an overdesigned Hubble successor called the James Webb Space Telescope, for about that long. And while a groundbreaking design, is too complex and too costly ever to be used again. And about five years ago, when NASA was handed 2.5 spare KH-12s from the NRO for free, they basically acted like they had been handed a turd. The controversy of the SLS using legacy shuttle hardware reinforces a very negative mindset for NASA: cleanshit, aggressively advanced design is ALWAYS preferible to incrimental improvements and refining existing designs.
Fortunately in the past 10 years, in minor ways (specific instruments on probes for example) this has changed. But not nearly enough.
The US is in a VERY good spot in Space right now. The SLS is making aggressive progress and even if China or Russia started today on something comparable (and it's well beyond their technical means), it would be at least another decade before it flew. The SLS will fulfill the "super heavy lift" niche and be large enough to build infrastructure in space. The Falcon 9 / Falcon Heavy will enable highly economical launching of payloads and people to support space efforts at a far lower cost than the SLS (which is only good for some payloads). The tandem public-private approach gives the US a huge number of capability-driven options
Need medium lift (14,000kg)? Falcon 9
Need medium-heavy lift (28,000kg)? Delta IV Heavy
Need Heavy lift (54,000kg)? Falcon Heavy
Need Superheavy lift (70,000kg - 105,000kg - 130,000kg)? SLS.
The best thing the US can do right now is "no harm". Let NASA build the SLS. Let SpaceX evolve the Falcon. No new vision. No new speeches. Just pay the bill every year, and we'll wake up some time in May 2022 to American Astronauts orbiting the moon again.
I'm very optimistic. A low profile NASA protected by congressmen and senators will get more done than a high profile NASA that is politically tainted by the Administration du jour, whoever that may be. That is the real lesson of Apollo, because the dirty secret of Apollo is that while it was Kennedy's vision and Johnson's public effort, it was a handful of Congressmen and Senators who made sure everything was paid for, even when Nixon tried to kill it the first time.