What's the technology that restricts a loop of functions?

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What's the technology that restricts a loop of functions intended to be clicked [once/by single clicks] by the player only?

I'm interested out of curiosity from a programming approach. I have some medium experience in programming.

How does that blockade work?

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These functions are called "protected functions" and may only be called from an untainted execution path (e.g. only from blizzard-signed code which has only received input from other blizzard-signed code). We inherit specific "secure templates" in the CreateFrame call which include a blizzard-signed OnClick handler that takes "frame attributes" set on the frame (which cannot be changed in combat) and calls protected functions based on that.

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Thank you very much for your answer. It seems thorough.