The government has better control over it. The two primary policy tools at the disposal of governments for maintenance of the economy is fiscal policy (tax and spending) and monetary policy (money supply). During the recent recession/depression, the Feds doubled the monetary supply of the United States. They couldn't have done that to mitigate the disaster if it's a gold standard (takes time to mine gold).
In the case of the United States, there's also the huge benefits of seigniorage.
'Twas a cutlass swipe or an ounce of lead
Or a yawing hole in a battered head
And the scuppers clogged with rotting red
And there they lay I damn me eyes
All lookouts clapped on Paradise
All souls bound just contrarywise, yo ho ho and a bottle of rum!
'Twas a cutlass swipe or an ounce of lead
Or a yawing hole in a battered head
And the scuppers clogged with rotting red
And there they lay I damn me eyes
All lookouts clapped on Paradise
All souls bound just contrarywise, yo ho ho and a bottle of rum!
That's a complicated question. Some years ago the Feds published a study based on multiple estimates and I think they concluded that it was between 55-70% held overseas or something like that (http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/b...6/1096lead.pdf), but I don't know how it measures up to subsequent research or if circumstances changed that much since then.