Originally Posted by
Breccia
People are outraged. Unfortunately it's the uninformed. The penalties are mandatory: I'll explain.
Health insurance, as a general theory mind you, works like most insurance. You pay a fixed amount per month, and in return, your policy-covered damages are paid for by the insurance company. The idea is to spread the risk out over time. Most people don't have $100,000 lying around to fix a mostly-burned house, for example, but they are able and willing to pay $50/month so that that risk never applies to them. If you choose not to get insurance, and your house burns, you either have to pay for it yourself (taking a crippling loan) or walk away from the burned remnants of your house with nothing. Either way, your neighbor is not directly affected. That's the basic idea, at least.
However, health care has a big difference: for the most part, if a sick, wounded or dying person is brought to a doctor or hospital, they will perform the necessary steps to save your life and repair the damage. Medical care, in this country, is not free. It is, in fact, very very far from free. The very first article on my Google search for "average hospital bill for a broken arm" was $12,000 I don't have that lying around. Do you? Does the average American family? Unless you happen to have a large pile of money lying around for just this reason, hospital bills can be highly damaging.
If you have good health insurance, then there's nothing to worry about directly. You're covered.
But what if you don't? You come out of the hospital with your arm in a cast and a $12,000 bill for services in your pocket. You have two options: pay somehow (again, a loan is often called for here) or flee and not pay. The first option can be crippling. and a broken arm isn't the worst thing in the world. Not by a longshot. Try having a child. Or cancer treatment. Both will easy pass $12,000. For many low-income families, a loan to pay this off can be more than they can add to their already existing budget. How about those that flee? Yeah that's illegal, but you can't sue an empty well, and throwing them in jail doesn't pay the bills. So where does the money come from? Why, it comes from other people, of course! If the hospital knows that, let's say 10 people are going to get a broken arm this year, and it costs $10,000 each to fix, but two of them on average can't/won't pay, they will still get their $100,000 total -- by charging $12,500 to all ten, and the eight that pay will cover the total costs.
Yes, The health care industry actually does this. This isn't a case where an uninsured motorist who hits a tree will have to walk to work. This is the case where everyone gets their treatment, even if it's 100% known they can't, or won't, pay. The money comes from people who can.
Now, because medical costs can be quite expensive, medical insurance can be quite expensive. It's proportional. So, what a lot of people choose to do, is not buy health insurance until they think they'll need it. Here's how the insurance companies deal with it: they refuse potential customers with pre-existing conditions. "Why should we accept your $400/month", they tell the construction worker, "when we can clearly see you have a broken arm that will cost us $12000?" Same with cancer, genetic diseases, and pregnancy. Yes. Health insurers can, and did, refuse customers because they/their wife was pregnant. It was a bad risk for them. This means more people getting treatment that could not pay, which meant higher prices to those that could pay, and more people who couldn't pay crippled by debt, lawsuits, or criminal charges.
It was a broken system. The ACA attempted to at least make it some better. Here's how:
A) Health insurance companies could no longer refuse customers for pre-existing conditions.
B) Everyone has to have health insurance.
This is a both-or-neither situation. What if you did A, but not B? Well, people would once again only get insurance just before they needed it -- even with a broken arm. Or cancer. They could not be refused, after all. Since that would drive up the effective costs to the insurers, it would drive up prices for insurance -- and everyone would pay more, especially people who had ALWAYS had insurance. The only way to mitigate this damage, to keep average costs low, is to force people to buy insurance, even if they don't think they need it. And, yes, "force" means "pay up to 4% of your total salary if can afford, but choose not to buy, health insurance".
It is not a perfect solution. It is, however, the best we could come up with that could become law. Yes, that means a fine for people who choose not to buy insurance, because right now, such people are a penalty on the rest of us. It is time the penalty was applied to the correct place: the people voluntarily ducking out on their responsibilities.