Hey everyone.
I noticed that some people are asking the same questions frequently, so I decided to do a FAQ. This FAQ is made for people who want to start working out or they're already working out and wanted to ask about somethings. I recommend reading also other sources of informations to get enough knowledge how to train properly, these are just tips and advices for novices.
1. Are there any types of trainings?
Yes, there are 3 types of basic trainings:
-for mass,
-for strenght,
-for sculpture(you're carving your muscles, I'll write something more about it in the next questions)
2. How many times a week should I working out?
Optimal is 3-4 a week.
3. How many times should I work out a part of a muscle a week?
Once a week if you're going for mass/strength. Two times a week if you're going for sculpture.
(remember - MORE doesn't mean BETTER!)
4. What's the difference between mass, strength and sculpture training?
If you're training for strength, you're just getting more strength. Pretty simple, huh? Do not confuse it with mass training, you're not getting as many muscles as if you're were only training for muscle gains. You're training also your nervous system, your nerves are adapting to invigorate more muscles, which is causing to lift bigger weight.
If you're training for mass you're getting muscles and fat. Yes, fat, because it's impossible to build ONLY muscles.
If you're training to sculpture you're just lowering the body fat but you still are making your muscles work.
(for a really nice body you should go to train mass and then sculpture, as I said, it's impossible to get the "male model body" if you're skinny and want to do only one type of training, you have to get a little fat(and muscles) first)
5. How long should I train a day?
Training should be short and solid. Do not waste time doing "selfies" or talking with other, because it's only making you time between series longer. Training should last about 1,5h (1h is enough for people who are starting).
4. Which time of a day is best for working out?
The best time for training is between 12-17(it's not bad if you're working earlier or later, it really depends of your day/night cycle, though 12-17 is the best because your body is most ready for it)
5. If I'm going to train 2 times a day will I have better results?
No! It's senseless and it's a waste of time. You should do one solid and comprehensive training in the training days.
(remember - MORE doesn't mean BETTER!)
6. How fast should I do lifts.
You shouldn't lift too fast or too slow. The most optimal is when your muscle is shrinking 1 sec and loosening 2 sec.
For example, you're lying on a bench and you want to do bench presses. You're lifting in a 1 sec, and then you're moving down your barbell in 2 sec.
7. Should I do warm up?
Absolutely yes! Warm up is for preparing your body for an exercise and is minimizing your risk of contusion. Warm up usually should last 10-15 min. You can: do warm ups like in school, try to warm up almost every muscle and try to focus on the muscles you're going to train this day or just do "pre-training series" - you can just do one series of your usually training session for the muscles you're going to train but with lighter weights.
8. How many series and repeats should I do?
Amount of series and repeats are different for types of training. Usually this FAQ will be read by people who are not professionals so I'd say the best is:
Big parties (chest, back, shoulders(they're medium actually), thighs) - 9-11 series
Small parties (biceps, triceps, calf, upper arms, traps) - 5-7 series
As I said, the amount of repeats depends of the type of the training, so:
Training for mass - 7-10 repeats
Training for strength - 1-7 repeats
Training for sculpture - 10 - 15 repeats
9. How long should I wait before each series?
It also depends of a type of a training:
Training for mass - 2 minutes
Training for strength - 3 to even 7 minutes
Training for sculpture - 60-70 seconds
10. How many times should I change my training program?
Optimal is after 2-4 months. You don't want to make your muscles to get used to one type of training, because they wouldn't be developed in a proper way.
11. Which muscles parts shouldn't I combine in a one day of a training.
It really depends of you which part you want to build with another part. But do not build opposite muscles(triceps-biceps, back-chest etc.) the same day, and also do not build 2 big parties the same day(your body need to cool off!). The best options is to work out big and small part in a one day of training.
12. What's the difference between complex exercise and isolated exercise?
Complex exercise is a type of an exercise where you're working more than one part of muscles(for example, when you're pulling up you're working your latissimus dorsi muscle and biceps(not as much as the first one, but still)). Isolated exercise is a type of an exercise where you're working one part of a muscles(for example when you're doing incline flyes).
13. What's the difference between exercising with a barbell and dumbbells?
It's almost the same. The only difference between them is that with dumbbells you have more leeway. Training with dumbbells are the best for people who have one muscle bigger than another.
14. Whats the best? Machines(AB Crunch Machine, Butterfly, Bicycling) or Free Weights(dumbbells, barbell)?
The best is to connect these two things in a whole training. Machines are really good for people who are starting, because in most of them you're going to do isolated exercises(amateurs have sometimes bad habits when they're training and their technique of lifting is bad, which can cause many contusions or asymmetrical muscles. Also the decision which thing is better also depends of the type of the training. If you are going for mass/strength then you should focus more on Free Weights, if you're going for sculpture then machines are usually better option.
15. What's the difference between standard barbell and curl bar(called EZ-bar sometimes).
Well, sometimes it's impossible to do some exercises with curl bar. But that bar is great when someone is training biceps or triceps, because with it you're not damaging as much your wrists.
16. Which exercises can cause contusions?
Every exercise can cause contusion if you're not doing it properly! But the ones which are hardest are: squats with barbells, dead lifting, lifting barbell behind your head and rowing barbell.
17. It's that true when you're starting training when you're young you're not going to be tall?
No, that's a false. The strength training even is helping making you taller! But when you're not fully mature you should try to avoid exercises which could damage your spine(dead lifting, doing squats with barbell etc.).
18. What's the minimum of equipment if I want to train at home?
Bench, barbell, dumbbells and of course weights. That's minimum. If you have enough space you can get a rod/stick for pulling up.
(that's was my equipment and I really get a big mass of muscles in a short time, I was training only in my home, without any special machines)
19. Should I do regenerating cycles?
Yes, they're very good for your body if you're training for a long time, you over trained yourself, or you're coming back from a pause.
(Regenerating cycles are normal training but with lighter weights, they last usually for 2-4 weeks, you should always have enough power to do one more lift after every exercise(but you shouldn't do them!), try not to over train your muscles)
20. My muscles are sore, it's good?
Usually yes. Your Muscle fibers are damaged, but do not worry! They'll repair itself and be stronger(if you're getting enough protein/carbohydrates/fat!).
21. I'm sick, should I train?
No, you shouldn't. Your organism is fighting with it and need time to recover instead of getting twice as much work.
22. Should I train legs?
You have to! Instead you'll have not proportional body and it'll look funny, also whole body must be worked out for the best results(yes, most muscles have to work if you want to have better metabolism).
23. My muscles are not developing symmetrical?
It's no reason to panic, it's actually happening very often. You shouldn't train just one part of a body(like some people are doing when their muscles are asymmetrical), you just have to change barbell exercises to dumbbells.
24. How to get bigger biceps?
You should focus on the exercises like: hammer biceps curl, lifting on Larry Scott bench.
25. How to increase the weight I'm trying to lift in bench press?
You should try to do strength training. The optimal exercises are: bench presses, slanted bench presses and incline flyes. They're also good if you're doing chest workout.
26. I want to lower my fat, what should I do? Aerobic training?
At first you should change your training to sculpture training. Then you have to do aerobic training, but most important thing is that you should change your DIET! The most optimal is doing 30 min of aerobic training 3-4 times a week. Marching, running, cycling.
27. Does aerobic training have to do something with Mass Training?
Of course it does! If you're trying to get more mass you shouldn't do aerobic training very often, 2 times a week is optimal.
28. How to fight with stagnation?
It's a thing that really happens very rarely for novices. But if you have it then you should change your training(see the question number 10), you can also change your diet because it's sometimes the reason for stagnation(your muscles could no longer develop because of bad diet).
29. How can I see that my body is over trained?
If you're over trained then your symptoms are exhausted(more than usual), you don't have enough motivation, your weight is getting less, your muscles are sore for a longer time. It's happening usually when someone is working out too often, too much or are doing the same exercises all the time. If you are over trained then you should rest for 1-2 weeks and then start with regenerating cycle.
30. What should I do after a bigger pause from working out?
You should start with regenerating cycle for 1-2 months(your muscles are no longer used to lifting heavy weight as before!).
31. Should I use the belt for lifting?
It's really depends of you, if you're doing exercises when you can damage your spine then yes. But usually people who are starting should avoid these exercises.
32. What's the difference between training for strength, mass and sculpture? (more developed answer)
Training for mass:
- every part of muscle exercised once a week
- before every training 1-2 series of warm up with lighter weights,
- amount of series for bigger parts of muscles 12-16 (novices 9-10)
- amount of series for smaller parts of muscles 9-12 (novices 6-7)
- amount of repeats in series 6-10
- time between every series - 2 minutes
Training for strength:
- every part of muscle exercised once a week
- training with free weights,
- time between every series - 3-7 minutes
- amount of series for bigger parts of muscles 8-12 (novices 7-9)
- amount of series for smaller parts of muscles 6-8 (novices 4-5)
- amount of repeats in series 1(yes, sometimes it's even one!)-8
Training for sculpture:
- every part of muscle exercised twice a week
- time between every series - 60-70 seconds
- it has to be very exhausting!
- amount of series for bigger parts of muscles 10-12 (novices 7-9)
- amount of series for smaller parts of muscles 7-10 (novices 6)
- amount of repeats in series 10-12, even 15 sometimes
33. How long do muscle need to regenerate?
It depends of a training but usually:
- chest 2-7 days
- back 2-7 days
- biceps and triceps 2-5 days
- upper arms 2-4 days
- traps 2-4 days
- stomach 2-4 days
- thighs 3-7 days
- calf 2-4 days
34. I want to have nice "abs", what should I do?
You shouldn't focus only on a stomach but on a whole body. But if you want your stomach muscles to be visible then you should try to lower your fat. Everyone has "muscular ABS", but it's not visible under a layer of fat. Only after lowering your body fat % you(and other girls) will see it!
35. I was doing Weider 6/many exercise series from a not-professional-in-working-out magazines(MensHealth etc.) for men, are they good?
Weider 6 is destroying your spine! You shouldn't do it, there are many better exercises for your stomach("ABS").
Most of exercises in the "magazines for men" are not good for anyone(you shouldn't trust them, especially when someone wrote that you should to do their exercises every day), they're maybe good for first 2-3 weeks, then they're getting more useless and useless.
36. It's diet really so important?
Yes! It's probably the most important thing! (you can Google many KCAL calculators) Without enough food you're going to be more exhausted and your body is going to be more damaged(your muscle fibers won't recover so fast after training). Also you need to have especially amount of fat/protein/carbohydrates, otherwise you can get fat afte sculpture training or getting more skinner after mass training! (well, these are extreme situations and you don't have to eat exactly amounts of every portion in grams, but you should focus on your diet more than usually)
My English is not the best, I tried to write it as good as I can, forgive me my failures. I hope you enjoy it and that this FAQ will help you.
Good luck and remember: No Pain - No Gain!
Thanks to:
-http://www.sfd.pl/
-http://www.kfd.pl/
-http://www.muscleinfo.pl/
-http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/313267-overview
And especially thanks to:
-Arnold Schwarzenegger, Larry Scott, Sergio Oliva and other professional sportsmen(for many useful interviews),
-Tadeusz Sowiński(dietetic for polish Olympic crew),
-Kamil Akielaszek(veteran of many forums about sports, connected with bodybuilding for many, many years),
-Karol Zdanowicz(certified personal trainer, participant of seminar Kettlebell method Hard Style Pavla Tsatsouline),
-Łukasz Domeracki(mgr. engineer in diet),
-and many, many other bodybuilders, amateurs and dietetics,