Originally Posted by
Endus
The 1951 Refugee Convention defines it like this; a refugee is anyone who, "owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to, or owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country."
So to answer your questions, in order;
1> Yes.
2> Yes; it's not just based on active war zones.
3> Yes. Might change if they become citizens of their new country.
4> Yes.
This isn't a new phenomenon. The issues you're raising were never the case, and they're only emerging now due to hostility towards the victims of the violence in Syria.