You forget two things;
1> In many basic income systems, that basic income will more than offset the difference in net income.
2> Progressive taxation places a heavier burden on the wealthy, not the lower/middle classes. And if you're making over $250k/year, paying a little more in taxes isn't something I'm going to consider a huge negative.
Long-term, if consumption overall increases because the lower/middle classes have more money to spend, that pushes productivity up, to match, which creates more revenue as well.