For example does a higher ilvl Convergence of Fates also has a higher amount of procs? If so, would upgrading my Ayala's Stoneheart Ring also increase the procs I get (if that makes sense)?
Short answer: Usually not. In the case of CoF it is just the main stat that scales. Proc rates are usually constant over all ilevels and I can't think of an exception right now. If anyone knows one I would like to know.