A - It's SBV reliant and str realiant get a good slow 1h'r and a SBV shield
B - I personaly still play ret and I'm 2350 in 2s with a resto sham and 2400 in 3s with Ret / MM / Dpriest, however you'll find that more people as dps paladins in high ratings are prot because it has more offensive utility than ret adn can still put out serious numbers, such as a silence THIRTY SECOND HoJ and so on, not to mention the survivability that comes with prot.
C - Pure str in everything except maybe t9 leggings for teh SBV and get a SBV shield.
D - I'd go Prot / Disc priest or Prot /Resto Shaman or Druid. It's more balanced towards 3s though in which case I'd go Prot / MS Warr / Resto Druid or just play as ret and run a Ret / MM / Healer cleave.
E -
http://www.wowarmory.com/talent-calc...00000000000000 Is the spec I'd run with, or you can drop a few pts in imp devo aura if you run with a resto druid and stick those points into reckoning. (sorry about long link did it quickly)
F - Yes prot still works well, depending on your playstyle it can work better than ret.