Because "how does an entire economic system work" is an incredibly complex question, and would involve me writing textbook amounts of information to get into everything, and that's not what we're here for.
If you're that interested, there's plenty of source material about socialist theory.
You're still operating under a false presumption of capitalism, is why you're struggling.Most companies start out as exactly as you are saying - the owner is the one doing all the work. Likely they are working 60-80 hours a week and barely getting by. Even most of the big companies, once upon a time started out as a small company that was worked by the owner. Over time, as the company grew, the owner hired people to help him/her handle the business of the company.
Under your proposal, it sound like you would forbid anyone from hiring an employee. The only people who can work in your company are people who can buy ownership into it? That's sounds like a plan for disaster. And not like "down the road", but it sounds like you could watch that fail in real time.
The one guy running the company at the outset is not the "owner". Not in the capitalist sense. He gains all the profits because he is the only one doing any work. Once he hires on staff, he isn't, and that changes. The new staff member doesn't need to "buy ownership", because that's a capitalist concept in the first place, and you're inserting it for no reason.
Yes, socialist systems are "bad" at being capitalist. That's not surprising. It's also a silly thing to complain about, since they never pretended to be.
None of this makes any sense, since there wouldn't be any "buying of shares" in the first place; I used share ownership as a shorthand to explain how it could be distributed, nothing more. Yes, if you bring in laborers for short-term pushes, those laborers would enjoy their fair share of the profits off that push, accordingly. That wouldn't "kill small business", at all. You are still inserting capitalist principles into the mix and complaining when they don't fit. Well, frankly, duh. We're not talking about a capitalist system; it doesn't work like that, and trying to make it do so is not gonna work.Hiring day labor and short term help would be illegal. "I need 10 people to help me build a housing foundation. Who has enough money to buy out shares of my construction company so you can help me build the house?" Although I would suspect you are implying, if you bring in laborers to help you handle your business, you have to give them a percentage of your company. Considering how tough it is to run a small business, I suspect this would kill small business outside of family owned, no non-family employees business'. But the option of giving a stake of the company to anyone they bring in to help would limit any choices they have of expanding. **There's a reason people can't find work in systems set up like you are proposing.
Again, there is no "ownership stake". That's a capitalist viewpoint.What about the concept a company hiring another company? Like food, telephony, or janitorial services. Would you have to give all those other companies an ownership stake in your company? What if the profits for the employees of your company are higher than the profits of the employees of the company that your company is hiring? How does that work?
If you hired people on to help boost profits, yes, they should share in those profits. This isn't that complicated.
Your complaint boils down to "if it isn't capitalism, then capitalists won't capitalize on ownership rights for self-profit". Well, that's the point. This isn't a critique, it's yet again complaining that it's not capitalist.Also, in your system, there is no more start up or business expansion money. People will risk hundreds of thousands or millions to have an ownership stake, but those same people aren't going to take the risk of loaning millions for a simple interest return. It's too risky, which is why you need bigger potential returns, because many of those business' you loan money too won't be able to pay you back.
Loans get granted all the time, and serve this purpose just fine. It means there's less chance of buying ownership so that, for a small investment, you can reap huge profits based on no work other than having money at the outset, but that's sort of the point. To mitigate the capacity for an oligarchy of the wealthy to effectively control the economy, for their exclusive benefit, which capitalism almost inevitably boils down into.
Pretty much every single one of your arguments here boils down to "but it isn't capitalism". Yeah. That's not shocking. A socialist system works differently, and doesn't rely on the same concepts as a capitalist economy would. By design. That's not a mistake, nor does it mean it would fail.