Of course Russia's current problem is that it's too poor to afford both necessary modernization and simultaneous sustainment, without unilaterally disarming.
Everything you need to know about Russia's nuclear arsenal comes down to this: they sail 1 Delta III, 6 Delta IVs, 1 Typhoon and 3 Boreis. They are respectively armed with the R-29R (Delta III), the R-29RMU2 (Delta IV), and RSM-56 Bulava (Typhoon, Borei). The Bulava's, lets remember, have major reliability issues despite entering service 7 years ago.
That is, in case you're wondering, 4 very different classes of submarines, each with their own standing industrial base to support them, and all but the Borei's past, at or near the end of their service lives. That is three SLBM models, two very dated and one modern. The R29RMU2, for example, has a CEP of 350 meters (as does the Bulava).
By contrast the United States has one class of SSBN in service - the Ohio class. It is building the Columbia class. This is the build/retirement schedule from the 30 year shipbuilding plan.
https://www.secnav.navy.mil/fmc/fmb/..._SHIP_PLAN.pdf
https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54564
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL32665.pdf
The Navy will build the first Columbia class in 2021, then the second in 2024, and then starting in 2026, it'll build one a year for 10 years, resulting in 12 subs. Simultaneously, it'll retire the first SSBN in 2027, the next in 2029, then one a year from 2030-2039, but also replacing them at a rate of one (or two) a year.
As for their armament, the Ohio class is armed with the Trident II D5LE. But this is the fun part. The Trident II D5LE rebuilt over half a new missile, under the guise of modernization. It improved the CEP from 90m to 5m and included a new "Superfuse" you can read about here. The technical abilities is interesting... but what's permentient here is that the D5LE program started in 2002, started actually "upgrading" missiles in 2013 (read: rebuilt them), and will be completed in 2023. Almost all the Trident II D5s have been updated to the "D5LE configuration" as of now, and the program over the next 4 years will be about updating the remaining ones and building new missiles. The US Navy buys exactly 28 a year, without fail. All of this data is in the document below.
https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/D...R_Dec_2017.pdf
And thus we now have the contrast. This is a microcosm of the issue Russia has and has ALWAYS had with Military modernization since 1992. Russia keeps its vintage stuff forever. When will those Delta IVs retire? When will that last Typhoon retire? When will it be an all Bulava arsenal? Apparently never because a year ago the government decided to do another maintience cycle on the Delta IVs and their SLBMs to keep them in service longer.
Meanwhile the US will have, by 2023, updated every single one of it's SLBMs to one model. And as the Columbia class arrives, it will rapidly retire the Ohios at a rate of one per year as the Columbias enter service. One Ohio out, one Columbia in. And keep in mind, it's not like the Ohio is a piece of crap that has to be junked. THey could easily have been modernized and gone through another refueling cycle. But replacing them is more cost effective then keeping them, modernizing them, and operating some of them along side the Ohios. Not mentioned here, but on the image above, is that the first Ohios to go will be the oldest 4, the Ohio class SSGNs, that were converted to Cruise Missile Submarines in the 2000s to keep the US within START I limits.
When the US completes its replacement of the fleet with all-Columbia's carrying all Trident II D5LEs, it will be the second time it did it. In the late 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s, it did the same thing, when it rapidly replaced the the '41 for Freedom' classes of submarines, armed with a hodge podge of Polaris A3, Poseidon C3 and a some Trident I C4s (all on the James Madison and Benjamin Franklin classes) with the Ohio class, first armed with the Trident I C4, and then in the 1990s with the Trident II D5. The last Trident I was withdrawn (from an Ohio) in 2004. Point is, the US didn't hold onto anything. It picked one sub, one missile, and converted as fast as possible.
Russia isn't stupid. It's wanted to have an all-Borei, all-Bulava fleet since the early 2000s. But it can't do it. It can't build the Borei's and Bulava fast enough without more money. It can't get more money without rapidly retiring the Delta IVs and their missiles (most of all). If it does that, it'll unilaterally disarm until the Borei's enter service.
The interesting thing about this is that it's been essentially stuck in this same position for many years now, across many programs, and can't seem to find its way out. Even with land vehicles and aircraft. It keeps modernizing the cheap Soviet vintage models, rather than buying modern designs. In case you missed it, Armata and The Su-57 basically aren't happening. It's T-84s and Su-27 derivatives forever, apparently.
If I were Vladimir Putin, I would have mass retired all this vintage stuff while the US was mired in the Iraq War. Now? It's too late. The US build up is accelerating. Money is not being spent to fight insurgents, but on high end weapons. But back in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011? In the midst of the commodities boom? I would have gutted everything not a Borei and just relied on mobile land based launchers until Borei and Bulava were good to go. Russia will never have an opportunity like that- the US stuck in a quagmire that drains money towards counterinsurgency, simultaneous with a commodity boom - ever again.
That's the sad fact of Russian modernization issues. Delta IVs counterparts in another 10 years are going to be American SSBNs two generations of strategic missile submarine more advanced than it.
- - - Updated - - -
The US tried to bring Russia into compliance since 2008. Bush handed it off to Obama who handed it off to Trump. They all worked on it. Especially Obama, who worked on it very quietly towards the end of his term (though he dropped the ball on it in the early and middle to middle late). They all failed.
Simple fact is, nothing the US could give Russia is as good as Russia is getting by violating it.
Post 14 in this thread here goes into why that is in detail.
https://www.mmo-champion.com/threads...1#post50809408