In CS:GO, the punishment is the same as the receiving end; temporary ban, not some CD to vote kick. And it happens quite fast, like if you kick 3-4 people in 2-3 days, you are banned from matchmaking. It is moderately aggressive, but it works.
The good part is, if you haven't learned your lesson after first 30 min ban, the next one will be even longer (2 hours) up to a week. Another good thing is that when you reach 1 week ban, if you keep kicking people, or keep getting kicked, your next b an will be 1 week too. It doesn't reset until you behave (or stop playing) like few weeks or so.
Had plenty of toxic mates in CS:GO. Do you know what this system did? It thought them a fucking lesson. They stopped being toxic in the fear of getting weeks and weeks of competitive bans. They even started to calm me down, when I got pissed (rarely) and became toxic. The wonders of punishment systems...the only language that humans understand.
Works like a charm, I'd say Blizzards needs to give it a go.