"behavioral or psychological syndrome (or pattern) that is present in an individual and that reflects some kind of underlying psychobiological dysfunction. Importantly, this behavioral syndrome should result in clinically significant distress, disability, or impairment in key areas of functioning. Predictable responses to stressors (such as death of a loved one) are excluded. It is also important that this dysfunctional pattern of behavior not stem from social deviance or conflicts that the person has with society as a whole." (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2013)