Counties that voted for President Donald Trump have a greater share of workers in industries targeted by retaliatory tariffs.
Roughly 3 million people in Trump-voting counties work in those industries, compared with about 2 million in counties that swung for Vice President Kamala Harris. And the counties that face the greatest potential impact from countertariffs were three times as likely to have voted for Trump.
Chinese and Canadian countertariffs are both aimed for political impact, but Canadian countertariffs are anticipated to have a much broader impact.
China’s latest tariffs place a tax of up to 15 percent on a variety of agricultural goods, the production of which employs about 1.3 million Americans. The levies include some of the United States’ most important exports to China, like soybeans, meat and grains. This comes after China set levies last month on U.S. coal and liquefied natural gas, agricultural equipment, and crude oil. Just over 600,000 Americans work in those industries, according to a previous Brookings analysis.
Canada levied 25 percent retaliatory tariffs on goods from manufacturing and agricultural sectors that employ 4.8 million Americans. Some are tailored to hit potent political symbols, like Kentucky bourbon and Florida orange groves.
The economic threat posed by countertariffs is especially potent in rural communities where one employer dominates the job market. The Brookings analysis found that more than 60 percent of employment in Sargent County, North Dakota, is based in industries threatened by Chinese and Canadian countertariffs. Rural counties are more than twice as likely to have at least 1 in 6 workers employed by targeted industries. All in all, these industries employ 7.5 percent of workers in nonmetropolitan areas, compared with 3.2 percent of workers in metropolitan areas.
The farming industry in particular will be squeezed from both sides: Countertariffs from both China and Canada cut down on the ability to sell crops abroad, while a 10 percent U.S. tariff on Canadian fertilizer increases the cost of production. This comes in addition to cuts at USAID, which serves as a major buyer of surplus crops for many U.S. farmers.