If we go back to the French Revolution, its a bit more complicated as the Left-Right opposition echoed many more things :
The Left was born as La Montagne (the Mountain), often referred as the Jacobin, from a club's name, and consisted of many Freemasons from the Capital that advocated a strong central power, calling on the Parisian Mob, peaking in Robespierre's Terror and the culling of disagreeing provinces.
The Right was born as Le Marais (the Swamp), often referred as the Girondins, from the area many came from (The Gironde, where Bordeaux is, and which interestingly has always been very exposed to Britain, trough its history as part of the Angevin Kingdom and the trade of wine with the British Isles). Those were advocating the decentralization of power and a constitutional monarchy, and were wary of insurections.