Short bows are Mid to close range. Short bows get bonuses for attacking from the side and behind and allow attacking while moving. Not sure what other weapons get as bonuses. Long bows are for mid to long ranged and require the ranger to be stationary to attack.
Ranger can also use Swords (Main hand only), Axes (Main and Off-hand), Dagger (Off-hand), plus Torch (Off-Hand), and Warhorn (Off-Hand). Those weapons are more than stat sticks and the Ranger is supposedly going to be viable when using them. You won't play a Ranger (effectively) in melee the same way you would effectively play a Warrior, Guardian, or Thief and the weapon combos you select will change the way you play them effectively. Each melee possibility seems to be vastly different gameplay styles for each class/profession and each weapon combo. So you have a lot of options for finding a playing style you prefer.
P.S. I just find boomerang Axes to be more than a bit silly.... -_-'
ArenaNet has made mention of having an open beta at some point after they have a closed beta. They stated that the open beta would give them a better idea on when they can release the game. That is old data though so not sure if it is still valid. Also, ArenaNet has stated that they understand that players now see a beta as a demo rather than an actual beta so they want to make sure the game is pretty much polished before they have one.