Originally Posted by
eschatological
The only thing required of you during a traffic stop is your identification.
Even asking if there was a firearm in the car is not something you have to answer.
Refusing to answer is never an indication of suspicion, and numerous Supreme Court cases have determined asserting your rights never meets the bar of probable cause.
If the police have a reason to be concerned for their safety (IE, you answer the firearm question), you can be legally required to step out of the vehicle. That's it. They aren't allowed to search your vehicle, even for the legal firearm. If you have a license, and your firearm license is valid, which they can check themselves via database, that's all that matters.
I was a criminal defense attorney for 5 years, and I also happen to be a brown man whose been pulled over for many bullshit reasons.
Once, a cop told me he needed to search my car because he smelled marijuana. There had been, objectively, no one ever smoking marijuana in the car. I told him he couldn't search the car, and that he didn't smell marijuana because no marijuana had ever been smoked in the car. At this point, you're basically asking how far the cop is going to push it. He could have had me step out of the vehicle, and then (illegally) search the car, and then I woulda had his fucking badge. He backed down because he knew he was making shit up.
When you're black or brown, you make sure your vehicle is in tip-top shape. No garbage on the ground that the cops can say is hiding syringes or drugs, no broken tail lights (which isn't shit that should be handled by cops anyways), nothing. When I was in law school, I was working for the DA's office in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, and a cop conducted a search based on seeing a BOX OF Q-TIPS sitting on the back seat. Q-tips are often used to filter liquid heroin into needles. The officer didn't conduct a legal Terry stop, the car pulled over to park on the side of the road, legally, when it saw a cop was following it, and the cop performed a "good Samaritan check" which legally allowed him to check on the people driving the car to see if they were in distress, then he used the Q-Tips to search the car. It was a fucking shitshow.