So after poking around for a bit, here's what I learned:
-The box in the basement in splitting one coax connection to all the coax ports around the house
-The box in the basement also appears to have an ethernet port with a cable plugged in, though I'm not sure what it's connected to
-The new router in the living room has a "WAN" Ethernet port that, if I disconnect it, all other devices (including wifi) lose internet connection
-The new router's coaxial port is labeled "LAN"
-The bedroom router, if I try to connect to its default gateway, it brings me to the configuration page for the new living room router, I can't seem to access the bedroom router's configuration
-If I disconnect the coax from the bedroom router, it no longer has any internet connection, and I can't connect to its default gateway either
However the verizon tech set this up, it seems really fucky. But as far as I can tell, my bedroom router IS acting as an extension of the main router in the living room...why that is throttling 800mbps down to 150mbps, I'm not quite sure.
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Ah, I kinda suspected as much. So I assume the solution here is to buy a more up-to-date coax to ethernet adapter?
https://puu.sh/G622S/8df09b3c66.png
Like that?