I can stitch a plausible head canon together on that one.
The plan was, most likely, summon Archimonde, conquer Draenor, then tune the portal to Azeroth and conquer that too, using said shard that they got their hands on (let's say they found it on Garrosh's corpse). Archimonde, in dying, hastens that plan, casting the spell, using the shard that was on Gul'dan, to hurl just him to Azeroth. Then, after we kill Gul'dan, we find that same shard on him, and that's then used as the catalyst for us to return to Draenor the 20-ish years later.
Again, stuff that should have been in-game, but no retconning was needed to get there.