AS BIG get-togethers go, the Nordic Council’s annual sessions are chummy affairs. With several hundred politicians, diplomats and academics milling around one of the region’s capitals, it is more like a big family gathering than an international summit. The agenda is long on worthy initiatives and short on substance. Yet this week’s meeting in Reykjavik was different—and not just because signs were emerging of another flight-grounding Icelandic ash cloud.
The frisson came from a startling new book by Gunnar Wetterberg, a Swedish historian, proposing a pan-Nordic federation to unite Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden under a single monarch: Denmark’s Queen Margrethe. The five countries (plus their autonomous territories of Greenland, the Faroe Islands and Aland) would retain individual legislatures for local matters. But economic and labour-market policy would be co-ordinated, and foreign and defence policy would be ceded to the federation. How this would chime with the European Union is not clear: three of the countries are in, Norway is out and Iceland is negotiating membership; only Finland is in the euro.
Yet Mr Wetterberg claims that “the united Nordic federation is a realistic Utopia that could be achieved within 20 years.”
The union would have 25m citizens and a combined GDP of $1.6 trillion, making it one of the world’s 12 biggest economies and entitling it to a seat at the G20. The combined economies could be more dynamic and better able to sustain high welfare and living standards.
If Nordic union is such a good idea, why has it not already happened? Mr Wetterberg blames the failure of previous attempts at unity since the collapse of the Kalmar union in the 16th century on meddling foreign powers. The Hanseatic League, the United States and the Soviet Union all obstructed attempts at unification, he says. “Nowadays the great powers no longer interfere and for the first time in 600 years the Nordic countries have the opportunity to discuss their collective future in peace and quiet.”
A poll conducted by the Nordic Council before the summit found that 42% of Nordic citizens were positive or highly positive about political union. But the rest were opposed. And recent gains by far-right parties in Scandinavia suggest that the pull of national sovereignty may be rising. A Nordic union may yet have to wait another century or two.
The idea may have won over more Scandinavians had it not been proposed by a Swede. The rest of Scandinavia has a well-grounded suspicion of all initiatives coming from Sweden – a historical grudge born in the earliest days in their shared history.