Before 2012, Séralini had published other peer-reviewed papers which concluded that there were health risks to genetically modified foods. In each case, members of the scientific community and food safety authorities had concluded that Séralini's data were insufficient to support his conclusions.
In 2007, Séralini and two other authors from University of Caen and the University of Rouen published a study of these data, funded by Greenpeace.[16][17][18] The study concluded that MON 863 caused numerous health problems in rats, including weight changes, triglyceride level increases in females, changes in urine composition in males, and reduced function or organ damage in the liver, kidney, adrenal glands, heart, and haematopoietic system.[16] The study concluded that evaluating MON 863 safety required experiments longer than 90 days, as chronic organ problems are rarely evident within such a short amount of time.[16] Greenpeace cited the study in a press release, in which it said that MON 863 should be completely recalled from the global market and called for a strict review of current testing methods.[19]
The paper prompted the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to reexamine the MON 863 safety data. This included asking EU countries for any new data about the strain and new opinions on the original Monsanto toxicity study, and a technical meeting with the authors of the 2007 CRIIGEN paper. The EFSA concluded that all blood chemistry and organ weight values fell within the normal range of values for control animals[20] and that the paper used incorrect statistical methods.[21] These conclusions were reported by Markos Kyprianou (European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy) to the European Parliament on 9 July 2010.[22] The French Commission du Génie Biomoléculaire (AFBV) also reached critical conclusions.[23] Food Standards Australia New Zealand also reviewed the 2007 Séralini study and concluded that "...all of the statistical differences between rats fed MON 863 corn and control rats are attributable to normal biological variation."[24][25]
In 2009, the Séralini lab published another study, which re-analyzed the toxicity data for NK603 (glyphosate resistant), MON 810, and MON 863 strains.[26] The data included three rat feeding studies published by Monsanto scientists on MON 810 (Bt corn).[27][28][29] This study concluded that the three crops caused liver, kidney, and heart damage in the rats.[26]
The EFSA reviewed the 2009 Séralini paper and concluded that the authors' claims were not supported by the data in their paper, that many of their fundamental statistical criticisms of the 2007 paper also applied to the 2009 paper, and that there was no new information that would change the EFSA's conclusions that the three GM maize types were safe for human and animal health, and for the environment.[30] The French High Council of Biotechnologies Scientific Committee[31] (HCB) also reviewed the Séralini 2009 study and concluded that it "..presents no admissible scientific element likely to ascribe any haematological, hepatic or renal toxicity to the three re-analysed GMOs."[32] The HCB also questioned the authors' independence, noting that, in 2010, the Séralini web page still showed a 2008 Austrian anti-GM article which had been previously withdrawn by the authors themselves as flawed. Food Standards Australia New Zealand concluded that the results from the 2009 Séralini study were due to chance alone.[33]