A new plan to deploy up to 600 peacekeepers in United Nations missions will allow Canada to leap into the front ranks of Western contributors to peacekeeping missions, even though it hasn’t yet figured out where to send the troops.
A year after a campaign promise to revive Canada’s long-neglected peacekeeping tradition, the federal Liberal government is beginning to invest money and soldiers in its pledge.
Four cabinet ministers announced on Friday that Ottawa will commit up to 600 troops and $450-million over three years for “peace and stabilization operations.”
For most of the past decade, Canada has languished near the bottom of the world’s peacekeeping contributors. With slightly more than 100 peacekeepers abroad, Canada ranks only 67th in the list of contributing nations.
But if it deploys 600 additional troops and 150 police, as the ministers announced on Friday, Canada would rapidly move up to 36th on the list. And among Western nations, it would become the third-biggest contributor, behind only Italy and France, according to estimates by peacekeeping analyst Evan Cinq-Mars.
The new numbers might seem substantial, but the challenges for Canada will be complex and hazardous. Peacekeeping has become a perilous task in today’s war zones, with the rising proliferation of militias and terrorist groups, unpredictable threats from multiple directions, intensifying religious extremism, and the growing scrutiny of the human-rights record of peacekeepers on the ground.
Canada commits up to 600 soldiers for international peacekeeping
African conflict zones such as Mali or the Central African Republic are seen as the most likely places for the new Canadian peacekeepers. Yet the absence of any information on a specific UN mission in Friday’s announcement is a sign that the government realizes that the deployment decision won’t be easy or simple.
“The risks of deploying Canadian personnel are significant, and this is certainly primary in the government’s consideration of the ‘where’ and ‘how’ of this policy,” said Mr. Cinq-Mars, an analyst who specializes in peacekeeping and civilian protection in Africa.
“UN peacekeepers face immense expectations to robustly protect civilians and are increasingly targeted in the highly complex and dangerous situations where they’re deployed. But delivering on a commitment to support UN peace operations means accepting this risk and moving forward with specific commitments.”
Mali, a long-standing Western ally in West Africa and a favourite location for Canadian foreign aid and Canadian mining investments, is believed to be one of the front-runners for the Canadian peacekeeping deployment.
Yet Mali has been an increasingly hazardous site for peacekeepers in recent years, and today it has become the deadliest place for UN peacekeepers to serve. Since the deployment of the UN mission in Mali in 2013, more than 100 peacekeepers have been killed.