Memorial - one of the joint Nobel Peace Prize winners - is one of Russia's oldest human rights groups.
Its liquidation last year by Russia's judiciary was yet another sign of the walls closing in on the country's civil society, ahead of the Kremlin's decision to invade Ukraine.
Dating back to the late 1980s, Memorial's work focused on the terror of Josef Stalin's dictatorship and more generally under the Soviet era. For decades it helped uncover the reality of Soviet repression and the many rights abuses committed ever since.
But under the rule of Vladimir Putin, who saw the fall of communism of one of the great catastrophes of the 20th Century, Memorial became a nuisance in highlighting the crimes of a past he wanted to extol.
That's why prosecutors accused Memorial of distorting historical memory, rather than its true role in helping millions of families whose lives were traumatised by the Stalin era.
Awarding the prize to Memorial this year is not unlike the decision to honour liberal Russian newspaper editor Dmitry Muratov in 2021. His newspaper no longer exists in Russia, but is not dead yet. However much Putin wants Memorial to disappear, it too will not go away.